Difference between revisions of "Classes/Building an 8-Bit CPU from Scratch"
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| date = May 27, 2017 | | date = May 27, 2017 | ||
| est_time = 16 Weeks | | est_time = 16 Weeks | ||
− | | est_cost = $ | + | | est_cost = $75 |
| in_development = Yes | | in_development = Yes | ||
| is_project = Yes | | is_project = Yes | ||
Line 38: | Line 38: | ||
== Prerequisites == | == Prerequisites == | ||
− | There are minimal prerequisites to attend this class. No prior experience in electronics is needed, nor any experience with soldering or computers. It is important that novices | + | There are minimal prerequisites to attend this class. No prior experience in electronics is needed, nor any experience with soldering or computers. It is important that novices attend the first classes, and make use of office hours, to ask questions before continuing on to more advanced topics. |
=== Materials === | === Materials === | ||
− | Components | + | Components will be group-purchased before each class to ensure proper components are bought, and to keep prices down. As such, the cost of materials can vary, depending on how many people are in class. While some materials are available in the electronics space, such assumptions should be taken with caution. You don't want to miss a class because the component you need isn't available! |
− | |||
− | |||
{| style="width: 350px; margin: 25px auto; padding: 15px; border: 2px solid #cc0; border-radius: 20px; background: #ffc;" | {| style="width: 350px; margin: 25px auto; padding: 15px; border: 2px solid #cc0; border-radius: 20px; background: #ffc;" | ||
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==== Components ==== | ==== Components ==== | ||
− | The following components are required to build the CPU project. No components are "consumed" by this project, as long as it is built on a breadboard; so, if you so choose, you may reuse these components in future projects. A bulk-purchase option is given to students at the beginning of each class, which serves to reduce costs. The average cost, per-student, when bulk-purchasing all-new components is generally about $TBD. | + | The following components are required to build the CPU project. No components are "consumed" by this project, as long as it is built on a breadboard; so, if you so choose, you may reuse these components in future projects. A bulk-purchase option is given to students at the beginning of each class, which serves to reduce costs. The average cost, per-student, when bulk-purchasing all-new components is generally about $TBD. Prices last updated May 31, 2017. |
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 75%; min-width: 350px; margin: 25px auto;" | {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 75%; min-width: 350px; margin: 25px auto;" | ||
! Category | ! Category | ||
+ | ! Cost<br/><small>(Individual)</small> | ||
+ | ! Cost<br/><small>(Class Rate)</small> | ||
! Quantity | ! Quantity | ||
! Component | ! Component | ||
Line 64: | Line 64: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2" | Base | ! rowspan="2" | Base | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | -- | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | -- | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | 1 | | style="text-align: center;" | 1 | ||
| colspan="2" | [http://amzn.to/2qqAGFi 22AWG Solid Wire Kit], Various Colors (see below) | | colspan="2" | [http://amzn.to/2qqAGFi 22AWG Solid Wire Kit], Various Colors (see below) | ||
| All | | All | ||
|- | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $38.76 | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $38.76 | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | 14 | | style="text-align: center;" | 14 | ||
| colspan="2" | [http://amzn.to/2s1DxWp Full-Sized (830-Point) Breadboards]<sup>†</sup> | | colspan="2" | [http://amzn.to/2s1DxWp Full-Sized (830-Point) Breadboards]<sup>†</sup> | ||
Line 73: | Line 77: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="6" | Resistors | ! rowspan="6" | Resistors | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $0.80 | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $0.18 | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | 8 | | style="text-align: center;" | 8 | ||
− | | 470Ω Resistor | + | | [https://www.digikey.com/product-detail/en/stackpole-electronics-inc/CF14JT470R/CF14JT470RCT-ND/1830342 470Ω Resistor] |
| ¼W, ±5% Tolerance | | ¼W, ±5% Tolerance | ||
| Clock, RAM, Display | | Clock, RAM, Display | ||
|- | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $0.90 | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $0.20 | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | 9 | | style="text-align: center;" | 9 | ||
− | | 1kΩ Resistor | + | | [https://www.digikey.com/product-detail/en/stackpole-electronics-inc/CF14JT1K00/CF14JT1K00CT-ND/1830350 1kΩ Resistor] |
| ¼W, ±5% Tolerance | | ¼W, ±5% Tolerance | ||
| Bus | | Bus | ||
|- | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $0.80 | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $0.18 | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | 8 | | style="text-align: center;" | 8 | ||
− | | 10kΩ Resistor | + | | [https://www.digikey.com/product-detail/en/stackpole-electronics-inc/CF14JT10K0/CF14JT10K0CT-ND/1830374 10kΩ Resistor] |
| ¼W, ±5% Tolerance | | ¼W, ±5% Tolerance | ||
| Clock, Display | | Clock, Display | ||
|- | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $0.20 | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $0.08 | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | 2 | | style="text-align: center;" | 2 | ||
− | | 100kΩ Resistor | + | | [https://www.digikey.com/product-detail/en/stackpole-electronics-inc/CF14JT100K/CF14JT100KCT-ND/1830399 100kΩ Resistor] |
| ¼W, ±5% Tolerance | | ¼W, ±5% Tolerance | ||
| Bus | | Bus | ||
|- | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $0.10 | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $0.04 | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | 1 | | style="text-align: center;" | 1 | ||
− | | 1MΩ Resistor | + | | [https://www.digikey.com/product-detail/en/stackpole-electronics-inc/CF14JT1M00/CF14JT1M00CT-ND/1830423 1MΩ Resistor] |
| ¼W, ±5% Tolerance | | ¼W, ±5% Tolerance | ||
| Clock | | Clock | ||
|- | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $2.48 | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $2.18 | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | 1 | | style="text-align: center;" | 1 | ||
− | | 1MΩ Potentiometer | + | | [https://www.digikey.com/product-detail/en/bourns-inc/3386F-1-105TLF/3386F-1-105TLF-ND/2536915 1MΩ Potentiometer] |
| ½W | | ½W | ||
| Clock | | Clock | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="3" | Capacitors | ! rowspan="3" | Capacitors | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $0.90 | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $0.65 | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | 6 | | style="text-align: center;" | 6 | ||
− | | 0.01µF Capacitor | + | | [https://www.digikey.com/product-detail/en/vishay-bc-components/K103K10X7RF5UH5/BC2662CT-ND/2356876 0.01µF Capacitor] |
| Ceramic, ±10% 50V | | Ceramic, ±10% 50V | ||
| Clock, RAM, Display | | Clock, RAM, Display | ||
|- | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $0.36 | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $0.27 | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | 2 | | style="text-align: center;" | 2 | ||
− | | 0.1µF Capacitor | + | | [https://www.digikey.com/product-detail/en/vishay-bc-components/K104K10X7RF5UH5/BC2665CT-ND/2356879 0.1µF Capacitor] |
| Ceramic, ±10% 50V | | Ceramic, ±10% 50V | ||
| Clock | | Clock | ||
|- | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $0.75 | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $0.55 | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | 1 | | style="text-align: center;" | 1 | ||
− | | 1µF Capacitor | + | | [https://www.digikey.com/product-detail/en/avx-corporation/TAP105K035SRW/478-8041-1-ND/3900657 1µF Capacitor] |
| Conformal Coated, ±10% 35V | | Conformal Coated, ±10% 35V | ||
| Clock | | Clock | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="17" | Integrated Circuits | ! rowspan="17" | Integrated Circuits | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $1.64 | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $1.33 | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | 4 | | style="text-align: center;" | 4 | ||
− | | | + | | [https://www.digikey.com/product-detail/en/fairchild-on-semiconductor/LM555CN/LM555CNFS-ND/458696 LM555CN] |
| Timer | | Timer | ||
| Clock, Display | | Clock, Display | ||
|- | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $1.14 | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $1.02 | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | 1 | | style="text-align: center;" | 1 | ||
− | | 74LS00 | + | | [https://www.digikey.com/product-detail/en/texas-instruments/SN74LS00N/296-1626-5-ND/277272 74LS00] |
| Quad NAND Gate | | Quad NAND Gate | ||
| RAM | | RAM | ||
|- | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $3.45 | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $3.06 | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | 5 | | style="text-align: center;" | 5 | ||
− | | 74LS04 | + | | [https://www.digikey.com/product-detail/en/texas-instruments/SN74LS04N/296-1629-5-ND/277275 74LS04] |
| Hex Inverter | | Hex Inverter | ||
| Clock, RAM, Controller | | Clock, RAM, Controller | ||
|- | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $1.26 | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $1.11 | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | 2 | | style="text-align: center;" | 2 | ||
− | | 74LS08 | + | | [https://www.digikey.com/product-detail/en/texas-instruments/SN74LS08N/296-1633-5-ND/277279 74LS08] |
| Quad AND Gate | | Quad AND Gate | ||
| Clock, Display | | Clock, Display | ||
|- | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $0.59 | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $0.59 | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | 1 | | style="text-align: center;" | 1 | ||
− | | 74LS32 | + | | [https://www.digikey.com/product-detail/en/texas-instruments/SN74LS32N/296-1658-5-ND/277304 74LS32] |
| Quad OR Gate | | Quad OR Gate | ||
| Clock | | Clock | ||
|- | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $ | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $ | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | 1 | | style="text-align: center;" | 1 | ||
| 74LS76 | | 74LS76 | ||
Line 150: | Line 184: | ||
| Display | | Display | ||
|- | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $ | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $ | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | 1 | | style="text-align: center;" | 1 | ||
| 74LS86 | | 74LS86 | ||
Line 155: | Line 191: | ||
| ALU | | ALU | ||
|- | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $ | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $ | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | 1 | | style="text-align: center;" | 1 | ||
| 74LS138 | | 74LS138 | ||
Line 160: | Line 198: | ||
| Controller | | Controller | ||
|- | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $ | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $ | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | 1 | | style="text-align: center;" | 1 | ||
| 74LS139 | | 74LS139 | ||
Line 165: | Line 205: | ||
| Display | | Display | ||
|- | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $ | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $ | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | 4 | | style="text-align: center;" | 4 | ||
| 74LS157 | | 74LS157 | ||
Line 170: | Line 212: | ||
| RAM | | RAM | ||
|- | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $ | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $ | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | 4 | | style="text-align: center;" | 4 | ||
| 74LS161 | | 74LS161 | ||
Line 175: | Line 219: | ||
| Program Counter, Controller | | Program Counter, Controller | ||
|- | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $ | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $ | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | 7 | | style="text-align: center;" | 7 | ||
| 74LS173 | | 74LS173 | ||
Line 180: | Line 226: | ||
| Register, RAM | | Register, RAM | ||
|- | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $ | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $ | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | 2 | | style="text-align: center;" | 2 | ||
| 74LS189 | | 74LS189 | ||
Line 185: | Line 233: | ||
| RAM | | RAM | ||
|- | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $ | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $ | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | 6 | | style="text-align: center;" | 6 | ||
| 74LS245 | | 74LS245 | ||
Line 190: | Line 240: | ||
| Register, ALU, Ram, Program Counter | | Register, ALU, Ram, Program Counter | ||
|- | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $ | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $ | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | 1 | | style="text-align: center;" | 1 | ||
| 74LS273 | | 74LS273 | ||
Line 195: | Line 247: | ||
| Display | | Display | ||
|- | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $ | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $ | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | 2 | | style="text-align: center;" | 2 | ||
| 74LS283 | | 74LS283 | ||
Line 200: | Line 254: | ||
| ALU | | ALU | ||
|- | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $ | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $ | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | 4 | | style="text-align: center;" | 4 | ||
| colspan="2" | 28C16 EEPROM | | colspan="2" | 28C16 EEPROM | ||
Line 205: | Line 261: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="4" | Switches | ! rowspan="4" | Switches | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $ | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $ | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | 2 | | style="text-align: center;" | 2 | ||
| Double-Throw Toggle Switch | | Double-Throw Toggle Switch | ||
Line 210: | Line 268: | ||
| Clock, RAM | | Clock, RAM | ||
|- | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $ | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $ | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | 2 | | style="text-align: center;" | 2 | ||
| Momentary Tactile Switch | | Momentary Tactile Switch | ||
Line 215: | Line 275: | ||
| Clock, RAM | | Clock, RAM | ||
|- | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $ | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $ | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | 1 | | style="text-align: center;" | 1 | ||
| colspan="2" | 8-Position DIP Switch | | colspan="2" | 8-Position DIP Switch | ||
| RAM | | RAM | ||
|- | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $ | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $ | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | 1 | | style="text-align: center;" | 1 | ||
| colspan="2" | 4-Position DIP Switch | | colspan="2" | 4-Position DIP Switch | ||
Line 224: | Line 288: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="5" | LEDs | ! rowspan="5" | LEDs | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $ | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $ | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | 41 | | style="text-align: center;" | 41 | ||
| Red LED | | Red LED | ||
Line 229: | Line 295: | ||
| Bus, Register, ALU, RAM | | Bus, Register, ALU, RAM | ||
|- | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $ | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $ | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | 20 | | style="text-align: center;" | 20 | ||
| Yellow LED | | Yellow LED | ||
Line 234: | Line 302: | ||
| Register, RAM, Controller | | Register, RAM, Controller | ||
|- | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $ | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $ | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | 11 | | style="text-align: center;" | 11 | ||
| Green LED | | Green LED | ||
Line 239: | Line 309: | ||
| Ram, Program Counter, Controller | | Ram, Program Counter, Controller | ||
|- | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $ | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $ | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | 22 | | style="text-align: center;" | 22 | ||
| Blue LED | | Blue LED | ||
Line 244: | Line 316: | ||
| Clock, Register, Controller | | Clock, Register, Controller | ||
|- | |- | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $ | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right; font-family: Courier New, Courier, fixed-width;" | $ | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | 4 | | style="text-align: center;" | 4 | ||
| 7-Segment Display | | 7-Segment Display | ||
Line 249: | Line 323: | ||
| Display | | Display | ||
|} | |} | ||
− | |||
<small style="display: block; width: 75%; min-width: 350px; margin: 25px auto;"><i><sup>†</sup> For advanced participants familiar with soldering, [http://amzn.to/2s1W7xR StripBoard] can be used instead to save space and money (about $30 in savings). Do note, however, that soldering and organization of these boards will not be covered in the class, and if chosen by the student, will need to be managed themselves. Using such boards can also make debugging and modification significantly more time-consuming and difficult. If using StripBoard, ensure that the board's [[Wikipedia:List of integrated circuit packaging types#Dimension_reference|pin pitch]] is the standard breadboard size of 0.1" (2.54mm).</i></small> | <small style="display: block; width: 75%; min-width: 350px; margin: 25px auto;"><i><sup>†</sup> For advanced participants familiar with soldering, [http://amzn.to/2s1W7xR StripBoard] can be used instead to save space and money (about $30 in savings). Do note, however, that soldering and organization of these boards will not be covered in the class, and if chosen by the student, will need to be managed themselves. Using such boards can also make debugging and modification significantly more time-consuming and difficult. If using StripBoard, ensure that the board's [[Wikipedia:List of integrated circuit packaging types#Dimension_reference|pin pitch]] is the standard breadboard size of 0.1" (2.54mm).</i></small> | ||
Line 340: | Line 413: | ||
* Introduction to integrated circuits | * Introduction to integrated circuits | ||
− | After the lesson, students will receive | + | After the lesson, students will receive an [[File:Electronics_Cheat_Sheet.pdf|Electronics Cheat Sheet]] for their reference throughout the rest of the course. |
==== After the Class ==== | ==== After the Class ==== | ||
Line 352: | Line 425: | ||
* Different types of resistors | * Different types of resistors | ||
− | === Week | + | === Week 01 - Implementing Logic with Transistors === |
{| style="width: 350px; margin: 25px auto; padding: 15px; border: 2px solid #cc0; border-radius: 20px; background: #ffc;" | {| style="width: 350px; margin: 25px auto; padding: 15px; border: 2px solid #cc0; border-radius: 20px; background: #ffc;" | ||
Line 360: | Line 433: | ||
|} | |} | ||
− | === Week | + | === Week 02 - The CPU Clock Module === |
{| style="width: 350px; margin: 25px auto; padding: 15px; border: 2px solid #cc0; border-radius: 20px; background: #ffc;" | {| style="width: 350px; margin: 25px auto; padding: 15px; border: 2px solid #cc0; border-radius: 20px; background: #ffc;" | ||
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|} | |} | ||
− | === Week | + | === Week 03 - The 8-Bit Register Modules === |
{| style="width: 350px; margin: 25px auto; padding: 15px; border: 2px solid #cc0; border-radius: 20px; background: #ffc;" | {| style="width: 350px; margin: 25px auto; padding: 15px; border: 2px solid #cc0; border-radius: 20px; background: #ffc;" | ||
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|} | |} | ||
− | === Week | + | === Week 04 - Designing an ALU === |
{| style="width: 350px; margin: 25px auto; padding: 15px; border: 2px solid #cc0; border-radius: 20px; background: #ffc;" | {| style="width: 350px; margin: 25px auto; padding: 15px; border: 2px solid #cc0; border-radius: 20px; background: #ffc;" | ||
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|} | |} | ||
− | === Week | + | === Week 05 - The ALU Module === |
{| style="width: 350px; margin: 25px auto; padding: 15px; border: 2px solid #cc0; border-radius: 20px; background: #ffc;" | {| style="width: 350px; margin: 25px auto; padding: 15px; border: 2px solid #cc0; border-radius: 20px; background: #ffc;" | ||
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|} | |} | ||
− | === Week | + | === Week 06 - The RAM Module === |
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|} | |} | ||
− | === Week | + | === Week 07 - Building a Binary Counter === |
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|} | |} | ||
− | === Week | + | === Week 08 - The Program Counter Module === |
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|} | |} | ||
− | === Week | + | === Week 09 - Designing for 7-Segment Displays === |
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|} | |} | ||
− | === Week | + | === Week 10 - Introduction to EEPROM === |
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− | === Week | + | === Week 11 - The Display Module === |
+ | |||
+ | {| style="width: 350px; margin: 25px auto; padding: 15px; border: 2px solid #cc0; border-radius: 20px; background: #ffc;" | ||
+ | ! Notice | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | This section is still under development. Please check back later for more information.'' | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Week 12 - Connecting the Modules with a Bus === | ||
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|} | |} | ||
− | === Week 13 - | + | === Week 13 - Designing Control Signals === |
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|} | |} | ||
− | === Week 14 - | + | === Week 14 - Control Logic Module === |
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|} | |} | ||
− | === Week 15 - | + | === Week 15 - Programming and Deployment === |
{| style="width: 350px; margin: 25px auto; padding: 15px; border: 2px solid #cc0; border-radius: 20px; background: #ffc;" | {| style="width: 350px; margin: 25px auto; padding: 15px; border: 2px solid #cc0; border-radius: 20px; background: #ffc;" | ||
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* Extend the processing capability to 16- or even 32-bit processing | * Extend the processing capability to 16- or even 32-bit processing | ||
* Add additional input and output capabilities to the system (e.g., serial controllers, USB, disks, multi-line LCDs, etc...) | * Add additional input and output capabilities to the system (e.g., serial controllers, USB, disks, multi-line LCDs, etc...) | ||
+ | * Building the modules in an FPGA | ||
[[Category:Classes]] | [[Category:Classes]] |
Latest revision as of 17:29, 19 June 2017
This project is currently in development and should not be currently considered complete. Contact the project owner for more information. |
In this class, taught by Andrew Vaughan, you will learn how to build a functional (albeit, simple) 8-Bit CPU from scratch using breadboards and TTL Integrated Circuits. No prior electronics experience is required in the class, as the basics are covered in the first lesson. At the end of the course, you will have built a fully-functional, modular CPU, as well as your own personalized Assembly language, that you can extend indefinitely to create more extensive functionality.
Creator | Andrew Vaughan |
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Date | May 27, 2017 |
Estimated Time | 16 Weeks |
Estimated Cost | $75 |
Office hours are held before and after each class. The office hours prior to the class (timing of which will be announced with each class) are intended for members who have missed classes and need to catch up on modules for the upcoming lesson. Office hours after each class will provide a list of advanced topics from the lesson plan, which will only be covered if interest is shown. This time is also available to assist with debugging problems in circuits.
Time and Location
Instructor: | Andrew Vaughan (Contact information available on user page) |
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Where: | Pumping Station: One Electronics Lab (2nd Floor) |
When: | TBD |
Office Hours: | TBD |
Minimum Class Size: | 2 |
Maximum Class Size: | 8 |
Prerequisites
There are minimal prerequisites to attend this class. No prior experience in electronics is needed, nor any experience with soldering or computers. It is important that novices attend the first classes, and make use of office hours, to ask questions before continuing on to more advanced topics.
Materials
Components will be group-purchased before each class to ensure proper components are bought, and to keep prices down. As such, the cost of materials can vary, depending on how many people are in class. While some materials are available in the electronics space, such assumptions should be taken with caution. You don't want to miss a class because the component you need isn't available!
Notice |
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This section is still under development. Please check back later for more information. |
Components
The following components are required to build the CPU project. No components are "consumed" by this project, as long as it is built on a breadboard; so, if you so choose, you may reuse these components in future projects. A bulk-purchase option is given to students at the beginning of each class, which serves to reduce costs. The average cost, per-student, when bulk-purchasing all-new components is generally about $TBD. Prices last updated May 31, 2017.
Category | Cost (Individual) |
Cost (Class Rate) |
Quantity | Component | Type | Modules Used |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Base | -- | -- | 1 | 22AWG Solid Wire Kit, Various Colors (see below) | All | |
$38.76 | $38.76 | 14 | Full-Sized (830-Point) Breadboards† | All | ||
Resistors | $0.80 | $0.18 | 8 | 470Ω Resistor | ¼W, ±5% Tolerance | Clock, RAM, Display |
$0.90 | $0.20 | 9 | 1kΩ Resistor | ¼W, ±5% Tolerance | Bus | |
$0.80 | $0.18 | 8 | 10kΩ Resistor | ¼W, ±5% Tolerance | Clock, Display | |
$0.20 | $0.08 | 2 | 100kΩ Resistor | ¼W, ±5% Tolerance | Bus | |
$0.10 | $0.04 | 1 | 1MΩ Resistor | ¼W, ±5% Tolerance | Clock | |
$2.48 | $2.18 | 1 | 1MΩ Potentiometer | ½W | Clock | |
Capacitors | $0.90 | $0.65 | 6 | 0.01µF Capacitor | Ceramic, ±10% 50V | Clock, RAM, Display |
$0.36 | $0.27 | 2 | 0.1µF Capacitor | Ceramic, ±10% 50V | Clock | |
$0.75 | $0.55 | 1 | 1µF Capacitor | Conformal Coated, ±10% 35V | Clock | |
Integrated Circuits | $1.64 | $1.33 | 4 | LM555CN | Timer | Clock, Display |
$1.14 | $1.02 | 1 | 74LS00 | Quad NAND Gate | RAM | |
$3.45 | $3.06 | 5 | 74LS04 | Hex Inverter | Clock, RAM, Controller | |
$1.26 | $1.11 | 2 | 74LS08 | Quad AND Gate | Clock, Display | |
$0.59 | $0.59 | 1 | 74LS32 | Quad OR Gate | Clock | |
$ | $ | 1 | 74LS76 | Dual JK Flip-Flop | Display | |
$ | $ | 1 | 74LS86 | Quad XOR Gate | ALU | |
$ | $ | 1 | 74LS138 | 3-to-8 Line Decoder | Controller | |
$ | $ | 1 | 74LS139 | Dual 2-Line to 4-Line Decoder | Display | |
$ | $ | 4 | 74LS157 | Quad 2-to-1 Line Data Selector | RAM | |
$ | $ | 4 | 74LS161 | 4-bit Synchronous Binary Counter | Program Counter, Controller | |
$ | $ | 7 | 74LS173 | 4-bit D-Type Register | Register, RAM | |
$ | $ | 2 | 74LS189 | 64-bit Random Access Memory | RAM | |
$ | $ | 6 | 74LS245 | Octal Bus Transceiver | Register, ALU, Ram, Program Counter | |
$ | $ | 1 | 74LS273 | Octal D Flip-Flop | Display | |
$ | $ | 2 | 74LS283 | 4-bit Binary Full Adder | ALU | |
$ | $ | 4 | 28C16 EEPROM | Display, Controller | ||
Switches | $ | $ | 2 | Double-Throw Toggle Switch | 8mm, DPDT, Latching | Clock, RAM |
$ | $ | 2 | Momentary Tactile Switch | 6mm, Normally-Open | Clock, RAM | |
$ | $ | 1 | 8-Position DIP Switch | RAM | ||
$ | $ | 1 | 4-Position DIP Switch | RAM | ||
LEDs | $ | $ | 41 | Red LED | 3mm, 1.8-2.3V, 20mA | Bus, Register, ALU, RAM |
$ | $ | 20 | Yellow LED | 3mm, 1.8-2.3V, 20mA | Register, RAM, Controller | |
$ | $ | 11 | Green LED | 3mm, 2.8-3.6v, 20mA | Ram, Program Counter, Controller | |
$ | $ | 22 | Blue LED | 3mm, 2.8-3.6v, 20mA | Clock, Register, Controller | |
$ | $ | 4 | 7-Segment Display | Common-Cathode, 10-Pin, 2mm Pin Pitch | Display |
† For advanced participants familiar with soldering, StripBoard can be used instead to save space and money (about $30 in savings). Do note, however, that soldering and organization of these boards will not be covered in the class, and if chosen by the student, will need to be managed themselves. Using such boards can also make debugging and modification significantly more time-consuming and difficult. If using StripBoard, ensure that the board's pin pitch is the standard breadboard size of 0.1" (2.54mm).
Wire Color Guide
Wire colors are used for the following, so please ensure any kit you buy contains enough of each. Wire may be available in the Electronics Lab, but gauge and color cannot be guaranteed:
Red | Power, Positive |
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Black | Power, Ground |
White | Signal, Clock |
Yellow | Signal, Control Logic |
Blue | Signal, Module-to-Bus |
Green | Signal, Other (IC-to-IC, Module-to-Module, etc) |
Recommended Tools
Most of these tools are available in the space. However, we will need to share them within the group, as well as with others who may be working in the space at the time. Especially in the case of hand tools and multimeters, you may wish to provide your own. Given the simplicity of this project, neither high-end nor high-precision tools are required for this project.
Unless specifically marked, it is recommend that you get your own tools for this project to keep pace with the rest of the class:
Tool | Details |
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Flush Diagonal Cutters | Used to cut wire and trim pins flush to a surface. Very useful for any electronics project. |
Self-Adjusting Wire Strippers | Used to trim the ends of wire sheathing (which we do a lot). Simpler strippers exist, if you wish to save money. |
Multimeter with Standard and Alligator-Clip Probes |
Used to measure voltages, amperage, continuity, and generally debug problem circuits. Given the basic nature of this project, a high-precision multimeter is not necessary |
Oscilloscope | Used to debug and optimize circuits. We will use the Oscilloscopes in the Electronics Lab. |
Authorizations
Please read the rules and responsibilities in the Electronics Area prior to attending. Along with these rules, the following authorizations must be completed to be eligible for this course:
Notice |
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This section is still under development. Please check back later for more information. |
Syllabus
Classes are held weekly, and build on top of each other. It is important that all classes are attended, or completing the CPU will be very difficult. Office hours are made available prior to every class to allow persons who miss classes to catch up prior to starting a new lesson.
Prep Session: Electronics Fundamentals
Prior to getting into the course syllabus, an hour-long session will be hosted for anyone who is new to electronics. Nothing needs to be purchased for this class, and there is no maximum for the number of people who may attend. It is not required for someone interested in this prep class to be registered for the following 8-Bit CPU course - it is open to all members every time it is offered.
This course is not required for members already experienced with electronics in order to be successful with the remaining courses in the class.
Topics
By way of introduction into digital electronics, the prep class will dive into certain fundamental knowledge that is necessary for work on any circuit. The following topics will be covered:
- Basic overview of common components and parts, where they are used, and how they work
- Basic overview of how circuits work (the Hydraulic Analogy)
- Alternating-Current (AC) vs. Direct-Current (DC)
- Different methods of powering circuits on a breadboard
- Building our first circuit - let there be light!
- Kerckhoffs's Principle - AKA, how not to light your breadboard on fire
- Introduction to resistors
- Introduction to switches
- The multimeter, measurement, and calculations
- The Mystery Signal™ - learning how to debug a circuit
- Introduction to diodes and transistors
- Introduction to integrated circuits
After the lesson, students will receive an Electronics Cheat Sheet for their reference throughout the rest of the course.
After the Class
Office hours are held for up to an hour after the class concludes. This is an open-forum time period in which questions can be asked and answered. Optionally, students can also choose between these more-advanced topics, if they wish to learn more about the topics from the class' discussion:
- Ideal components vs. reality
- The physics behind how Diodes and Transistors work
- The wide, wide world of components, and choosing the right one for your circuit
- Different types of switches
- Different types of resistors
Week 01 - Implementing Logic with Transistors
Notice |
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This section is still under development. Please check back later for more information. |
Week 02 - The CPU Clock Module
Notice |
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This section is still under development. Please check back later for more information. |
Week 03 - The 8-Bit Register Modules
Notice |
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This section is still under development. Please check back later for more information. |
Week 04 - Designing an ALU
Notice |
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This section is still under development. Please check back later for more information. |
Week 05 - The ALU Module
Notice |
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This section is still under development. Please check back later for more information. |
Week 06 - The RAM Module
Notice |
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This section is still under development. Please check back later for more information. |
Week 07 - Building a Binary Counter
Notice |
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This section is still under development. Please check back later for more information. |
Week 08 - The Program Counter Module
Notice |
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This section is still under development. Please check back later for more information. |
Week 09 - Designing for 7-Segment Displays
Notice |
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This section is still under development. Please check back later for more information. |
Week 10 - Introduction to EEPROM
Notice |
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This section is still under development. Please check back later for more information. |
Week 11 - The Display Module
Notice |
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This section is still under development. Please check back later for more information. |
Week 12 - Connecting the Modules with a Bus
Notice |
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This section is still under development. Please check back later for more information. |
Week 13 - Designing Control Signals
Notice |
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This section is still under development. Please check back later for more information. |
Week 14 - Control Logic Module
Notice |
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This section is still under development. Please check back later for more information. |
Week 15 - Programming and Deployment
Notice |
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This section is still under development. Please check back later for more information. |
Completion
Upon completion, each member of the class will have a modularized, extendable CPU. The CPU can be programmed using an Arduino Programmer, which can be borrowed during the class, or built in one of the after-hours office-hours. Here are some examples what can be done to extend and modify the basic circuitry:
- Create additional circuitry to support more-advanced instructions
- Add more capabilities to the ALU to enable more-powerful processing
- Transition 7400-series integrated circuits to more-advanced functionality to reduce circuit complexity
- Extend the processing capability to 16- or even 32-bit processing
- Add additional input and output capabilities to the system (e.g., serial controllers, USB, disks, multi-line LCDs, etc...)
- Building the modules in an FPGA